Model Architecture

How frontier models are built: attention variants, sparsity, memory and state.

All Model Architecture13 Training & Alignment8 Inference & Serving11 Agents & Orchestration10 Reasoning & Evaluation7 Safety, Security & Governance3 Platforms & Practice11

Model Architecture 18 min

Trainable Sparse Attention: When the Model Learns What to Skip

For years, sparse attention was a bolt-on applied after training to shrink the KV cache. NSA, MoBA, and DeepSeek's DSA flip that order, training the sparsity end to end and reporting up to 11x faster decoding without losing accuracy.

attention long-context sparse-attention transformers ∑ ◫

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Model Architecture

Trainable Sparse Attention: When the Model Learns What to Skip

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