Term Kind Topic What it is
Reservation Ledger Stock Ledger, Reserve-Then-Commit pattern Transactions & Isolation Modelling stock as an append-only sequence of reservations, releases and allocations rather than as a mutable count - so the number has a history, can be reconciled, and does not become a single point of contention.
Transactions and Isolation ACID Isolation Levels concept Transactions & Isolation What a database guarantees when concurrent transactions touch the same data — and the anomalies each level permits.
Two-Phase Locking 2PL protocol Transactions & Isolation The concurrency control protocol behind serializable isolation — acquire locks in a growing phase, release only in a shrinking phase, never interleaving the two.
Write Skew concept Transactions & Isolation An anomaly where two transactions each read a set of rows, make disjoint writes based on what they read, and together violate an invariant neither could have broken alone.