Term Kind Topic What it is
Ambiguous Outcome Unknown State, Indeterminate Result concept Timeouts & Deadlines The state a system is in when a call times out - not failure, but unknown - and the design obligation to have somewhere to put it.
Cascading Timeout concept Timeouts & Deadlines The effect of independently-chosen per-hop timeouts summing to a total far longer than any caller is willing to wait.
Deadline Exceeded concept Timeouts & Deadlines The error returned when a request's overall budget expires — semantically distinct from a per-hop timeout, and a signal that must not be retried blindly.
Deadline Propagation Budget Propagation, Request Deadline, Remaining-Time Passing pattern Timeouts & Deadlines Carrying the originating request's absolute deadline through every downstream hop so that each service works with the remaining budget - and refuses work that cannot finish in time, rather than starting it.
Deadline Propagation Deadline Budget, Request Deadline pattern Timeouts & Deadlines Passing the remaining time budget down each call in a request chain so downstream services never work on a request whose caller has already given up.
Read Timeout Socket Timeout concept Timeouts & Deadlines The bound on how long a client waits for response data after a connection is established — distinct from the connect timeout, and the one that usually matters.