Term Kind Topic What it is
Cardinality Estimation concept Query Optimisation The planner's prediction of how many rows each step of a query will produce — the input that determines every other choice it makes.
Join Strategies concept Query Optimisation The three ways a database combines two row sets — nested loop, hash join and merge join — and the conditions under which each is correct.
Query Optimisation practice Query Optimisation Making the database do less work — usually by removing round trips and rows rather than by rewriting clever SQL.
Write-Amplification Audit Index Cost Review, Write Path Accounting practice Query Optimisation Accounting for everything a single logical write actually costs - indexes, replication, triggers, deletion of old rows - before concluding that a database needs more capacity.