Term Kind Topic What it is
Atomic Commit Protocol concept Distributed Transactions Any protocol ensuring that several participants reach the same decision to commit or abort — and a problem provably unsolvable with certainty in an asynchronous system with failures.
Google Spanner: Buying Consistency With Time TrueTime, External Consistency case-study Distributed Transactions Spanner achieves globally consistent transactions by bounding clock uncertainty with dedicated hardware and deliberately waiting out that uncertainty on commit.
Saga Compensating Transaction, Long-Running Transaction pattern Distributed Transactions A sequence of local transactions across services where failure is handled by compensating actions rather than by rollback.
Try-Confirm-Cancel TCC, Reservation Pattern pattern Distributed Transactions A three-phase distributed transaction where each participant first reserves resources, and a coordinator then confirms or cancels all reservations.
XA Transaction protocol Distributed Transactions The X/Open standard interface for two-phase commit across heterogeneous resource managers, still common in enterprise middleware and rarely the right choice for new services.