Term Kind Topic What it is
Device Shadow Digital Twin, Reported and Desired State pattern Digital Twin A cloud-side representation of a device's last reported state and its intended state, letting applications interact with devices that are asleep or offline.
Explicit Staleness As-Of Semantics, Freshness Disclosure practice Digital Twin Publishing how old a modelled or cached value is alongside the value itself, so consumers can judge whether it is usable rather than assuming it is current.
Reported Versus Desired State pattern Digital Twin Holding two representations of a device — what it last said it was, and what it should be — with the gap between them driving reconciliation.