Terminology
2240 terms, tools, patterns and metrics an architect is expected to use precisely. Each one gets a short explanation of what it is, and — where it matters — what it is commonly confused with. Search filters as you type; the column headers sort.
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69 terms shown.
| Term | Kind | Topic | What it is |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absence-As-Delete Sync Full-Sync Delete Semantics, Destructive Sync | concept | Reverse ETL | A synchronisation mode that treats a record's absence from the source query as an instruction to remove or clear it downstream - so any query returning fewer rows becomes a mass deletion in a live operational … |
| Airflow: A Scheduler Born From Pipeline Sprawl Apache Airflow | case-study | Workflow Schedulers | Airbnb built Airflow because cron cannot express dependencies, and a data platform's failures are mostly dependency failures. |
| Analytical Estate Topology | concept | Data Platform Architecture | The full picture of where analytical data lands, is transformed and is served, including the paths that bypass the intended one. |
| Analytics Cost Control | practice | Analytics Cost Control | The set of design and operational choices that determine whether an elastic data platform costs a predictable amount or an alarming one. |
| Attribute History Strategy | concept | Slowly Changing Dimensions | The per-attribute decision about whether history is overwritten, versioned or kept alongside the current value, which is a business question rather than a technical one. |
| Backfill | practice | Batch Orchestration | Reprocessing historical periods through a pipeline after fixing a defect or adding a field, at a scale the pipeline was not sized for. |
| Batch Orchestration Workflow Orchestration, DAG Scheduling | concept | Batch Orchestration | Running interdependent data jobs in the right order with retries, backfills and failure handling, expressed as a dependency graph rather than a schedule. |
| Bronze Layer Contract | concept | Medallion Architecture | What the raw landing zone promises and refuses to promise — a faithful replayable copy of the source, with no correction applied. |
| Business Key Collision Hub Key Collision, False Identity Match | concept | Data Vault Modelling | Two different real-world entities merging into one hub row because the key chosen for it is unique only inside one source system - a corruption that raises no error and is expensive to unpick. |
| Bytes Scanned Scan Volume, Data Processed | concept | Analytics Cost Control | The volume of data a query reads - which in consumption-priced analytical systems is both the performance limit and the bill, making layout a cost control. |
| CDC Pipeline Design | practice | CDC Pipeline Design | The concerns that turn log-based change capture from a demo into something that can be relied on — snapshots, ordering, schema change and replay. |
| Change Volume Ratio Update-to-Insert Ratio, Mutation Rate | metric | CDC Pipeline Design | The proportion of a change stream that is updates and deletes rather than inserts, which decides target storage design, merge cost and whether a table can be append-only. |
| Clustering Decay Sort Order Drift, Layout Degradation | concept | Storage Layout & Partitioning | The gradual loss of data-skipping as newly written files overlap the sort order of existing ones - so query cost rises month after month with no change to the query or the data volume. |
| Compaction File Consolidation, OPTIMIZE, Small File Remediation | practice | File Formats & Compaction | Rewriting many small data files into fewer larger ones, with sorting, as a required background process - because streaming ingestion produces small files continuously and a table without compaction degrades si… |
| Compute Isolation Boundary | concept | Data Platform Tenancy | The line across which one domain's analytical workload cannot affect another's performance, cost attribution or access. |
| Conformed Dimension Shared Dimension, Conformed Attribute | pattern | Dimensional Modelling | A dimension defined once and used identically by every fact table, so that measures from different processes can be filtered and grouped together without a reconciliation argument. |
| DAG Dependency | concept | Batch Orchestration | The declared edge stating that one task must not start until another has succeeded, and the difference between that and merely running later. |
| Data Layout Partitioning and Clustering, File Organisation, Pruning Effectiveness | concept | Storage Layout & Partitioning | How table data is physically organised into partitions and files, which determines how much can be skipped at query time - and is the dominant factor in analytical cost and performance, ahead of cluster size. |
| Data Pipeline SLA Freshness SLA, Data SLO | metric | Data Platform Architecture | A published commitment about when data will be available and how fresh it will be, turning a pipeline into something consumers can design against. |
| Data Platform Architecture Analytical Platform Architecture, Data Stack Architecture | concept | Data Platform Architecture | The arrangement of ingestion, storage, transformation, serving and governance that decides whether analytical data arrives on time, means the same thing to everyone and costs a predictable amount. |
| Data Platform Tenancy | concept | Data Platform Tenancy | How a shared data platform separates domains and customers across storage, compute, catalogue and access control. |
| Data Vault Modelling | pattern | Data Vault Modelling | A modelling approach separating business keys, relationships and descriptive attributes into hubs, links and satellites, optimised for auditability and change absorption. |
| Data Virtualisation Query Federation, Logical Data Warehouse | pattern | Data Virtualisation | Querying data where it lives across multiple systems through a single logical layer, without physically consolidating it. |
| Dataset Ownership Boundary Data Product Boundary, Published Dataset Surface | practice | Data Platform Architecture | The line between a producing team's internal data and the surface it publishes - which is what makes decentralised data ownership safe rather than fragmenting. |
| Dimensional Model Star Schema, Kimball Model | pattern | Dimensional Modelling | Organising analytical data as fact tables of measurements surrounded by dimension tables of descriptive context. |
| Fact Grain Multiplication Join Fan-Out, Dimension Row Explosion | concept | Slowly Changing Dimensions | Silent duplication of fact rows when a fact is joined to a versioned dimension without an effective-date predicate, inflating every additive measure in proportion to how often dimension members change. |
| Grain Declaration | practice | Dimensional Modelling | Stating exactly what one row of a fact table represents, before any column is chosen, because every later decision depends on it. |
| Hub and Satellite | pattern | Data Vault Modelling | Separating stable business keys from their changing attributes and from their relationships, so each can be loaded independently and kept forever. |
| Ingestion Pattern | concept | Ingestion Patterns | The mechanism by which data leaves a source system, which determines freshness, source load and how faithfully change is captured. |
| Lakehouse | concept | Warehouse, Lake & Lakehouse | An architecture combining a lake's cheap open storage with a warehouse's transactions, schema enforcement and query performance, through a table format layer. |
| Lakehouse Table Format | tool | Open Table Formats | A metadata layer over object storage that adds atomic commits, snapshots and schema evolution to files that otherwise have none. |
| Layer Contract Guarantee Not Position, Medallion Discipline | concept | Medallion Architecture | The rule that a data layer is defined by the guarantee it makes to consumers, not by its position in a naming convention - without which the layers convey nothing. |
| Legitimate Divergence Expected Parallel-Run Difference, Correct-on-Both-Sides Delta | concept | Warehouse Migration | The class of differences between an old and a new analytical platform that are correct on both sides, which a parallel run must classify and budget for rather than investigate as defects. |
| Log-Based Ingestion | pattern | CDC Pipeline Design | Building the pipeline around a database's own change log — an initial snapshot followed by a continuous delta stream, with the two stitched together. |
| Logical Date Partitioning Execution Date, Idempotent Reprocessing | practice | Batch Orchestration | Making every batch task a pure function of a logical date, so that any run can be repeated safely and a backfill is a range of independent executions. |
| Medallion Architecture Bronze Silver Gold, Multi-Hop Architecture | pattern | Medallion Architecture | Layering a data platform into raw, cleaned and business-ready zones so that reprocessing is always possible and quality improves in defined steps. |
| Merge Upsert | pattern | Ingestion Patterns | Applying a batch of changes to a target by matching on a key and inserting, updating or deleting per row, which is expensive and frequently avoidable. |
| Metadata Read Amplification Planning-Time Amplification, Manifest Read Blow-Up | concept | Open Table Formats | The number of small sequential metadata requests a table format issues before reading any data, which grows with file history and turns a modest storage slowdown into a large query slowdown. |
| Metadata-Only Migration In-Place Table Adoption, Manifest Generation Migration | pattern | Open Table Formats | Adopting a table format over data files that already exist by generating its metadata in place, so a multi-petabyte conversion becomes a minutes-long commit instead of a full rewrite. |
| Model Graph Pruning Removing Unused Models, DAG Hygiene | practice | Transformation Frameworks | Periodically removing transformation models with no downstream consumers - the cheapest available reduction in a build's cost and duration, and the one nobody owns. |
| Open Table Format Iceberg, Delta Lake, Hudi | tool | Open Table Formats | A metadata layer over object storage files that provides atomic commits, schema evolution and time travel, turning a directory of files into a real table. |
| Operational Data Push | pattern | Reverse ETL | Sending modelled analytical data back into operational tools, which turns a warehouse table into a production dependency with none of the guarantees. |
| Partition Pruning | concept | Storage Layout & Partitioning | The query engine skipping entire partitions whose values cannot match the filter, which is where most large-table query performance comes from. |
| Predicate Pushdown Filter Pushdown, Pushdown Optimisation | concept | Data Virtualisation | Sending a filter to the layer that holds the data rather than fetching rows and filtering afterwards, which is the difference between reading megabytes and reading a table. |
| Query Cost Ceiling Scan Limit, Per-Query Byte Cap | pattern | Analytics Cost Control | A pre-execution limit on the bytes or credits a single query may consume - converting an unbounded bill into a failed query the author can see and fix. |
| Query Federation | pattern | Data Virtualisation | Executing a single query across several underlying systems without moving the data, and the performance ceiling that pushdown determines. |
| Report Migration Inventory | practice | Warehouse Migration | The enumerated list of every report, extract and downstream consumer of the legacy warehouse, with usage evidence, which is what makes the migration finite. |
| Reverse ETL Operational Analytics, Data Activation | pattern | Reverse ETL | Pushing modelled data from the warehouse back into operational systems so that business tools act on the same definitions analysts report on. |
| Row Group Sizing Row Group Tuning, Parquet Block Size | practice | File Formats & Compaction | Choosing how many rows a columnar file groups into one statistics-bearing unit, which sets both the finest granularity a query can skip and the memory a writer and reader need. |
| Scanned Bytes | metric | Analytics Cost Control | The volume a query reads, which is what most analytical engines bill for and what almost every optimisation ultimately reduces. |
| Scheduler Control Plane | concept | Workflow Schedulers | The orchestrator's own state and availability, which becomes a critical dependency for every pipeline it runs. |
| Silent Coercion Type Coercion on Ingest, Quiet Data Corruption | concept | Ingestion Patterns | An ingestion pipeline converting a value it did not expect rather than rejecting it - the worst available failure mode, because the load succeeds and the data is wrong downstream with nothing indicating it. |
| Slowly Changing Dimension SCD, Type 2 Dimension | pattern | Slowly Changing Dimensions | A modelling technique for handling attributes that change over time, where the choice determines whether historical reporting stays correct. |
| Small File Problem | concept | File Formats & Compaction | The severe query degradation caused by a table stored as very many tiny files, where per-file overhead dominates actual data reading. |
| Snapshot Expiry Snapshot Retention, Metadata Expiry | practice | Open Table Formats | The scheduled removal of a table's old snapshots and the data files only those snapshots referenced, which is what stops time travel from turning every rewritten row into permanent storage. |
| Snapshot-Stream Convergence Backfill Plus Change Stream, Initial Load Ordering | pattern | CDC Pipeline Design | Starting the change stream before taking the snapshot, so that changes occurring during the backfill are captured rather than silently lost. |
| Source Load Budget Upstream Read Quota, Analytical Load Cap | pattern | Data Virtualisation | An explicit cap on the concurrency, rows and duration that analytical reads may consume on an operational source - so a dashboard query cannot become a production incident. |
| SQL Transformation Model | concept | Transformation Frameworks | A named, versioned, tested SELECT statement that declares its own dependencies, turning transformation logic into reviewable software. |
| Surrogate Key Binding As-Of Dimension Lookup, Version-at-Event Resolution | pattern | Slowly Changing Dimensions | Resolving which version of a dimension row a fact belongs to at load time and storing that version's key on the fact - which is what freezes a historical report instead of letting it drift. |
| Table Maintenance Budget Maintenance Capacity Reservation, Housekeeping Window | practice | Workload Isolation | Treating compaction, clustering and snapshot expiry as a workload class with its own reserved compute and a guaranteed window, rather than as low-priority work that loses to every deadline. |
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