Term Kind Topic What it is
DNS Domain Name System protocol Networking The distributed directory that resolves names to addresses, and a surprisingly load-bearing part of most architectures.
TCP/IP protocol Networking The layered protocol suite underneath essentially all application traffic — IP routes packets, TCP turns them into a reliable ordered stream.
TLS Transport Layer Security, SSL protocol Networking The protocol that gives a network connection encryption, integrity and server authentication, underneath HTTPS and most other secure transports.
WebSocket protocol Networking A protocol that upgrades an HTTP connection into a persistent, full-duplex channel so the server can push to the client without polling.