Term Kind Topic What it is
Byzantine Fault concept Failure Modes A failure in which a component behaves arbitrarily or deceptively — returning wrong results rather than stopping — as distinct from simply crashing.
Fail-Fast vs Fail-Safe concept Failure Modes Whether a component should stop immediately on detecting a problem, or continue in a degraded but safe mode — a choice that depends entirely on which outcome is worse.
Grey Failure Partial Failure, Fail-Slow concept Failure Modes A component that is degraded rather than down — slow, intermittently erroring, or failing for a subset of operations — which defeats health checks built for binary states.