Value Stream
The end-to-end sequence of activities that delivers a result to a customer, viewed across whatever departments and systems it happens to cross.
Where a capability map says what the business does, a value stream says how the work flows — from trigger to delivered outcome, with the handoffs and waiting time made visible.
That visibility is the point, because the waiting is usually where the time goes. A process with six hours of work and eleven days of elapsed time has a queueing problem, not a productivity problem, and no amount of automating individual steps will fix it.
For an architect it is the most reliable way to locate where a system change would actually move a business number, which is a materially different question from where the technology is weakest.